| Note* | | Regina Rifles History
... On June 14, German shells, the "moaning minnies," with their high piercing screech hailed down on the Battalion positions, hitting an ammunition dump in the unit's vehicle park. The fire burned throughout most of the night. Fortunately, there were no injuries but five vehicles were destroyed. In the three days between June 12 and 14, the Battalion sustained a further 14 fatalities.
On June 15, battalion headquarters fortuitously moved to a new position 400 yards further west. The headquarters had previously been located near the church in Bretteville. Shortly after the headquarters moved, German artillery destroyed the steeple with a direct hit, causing the bell and spire to crash to the ground in rubble. The new battalion headquarters position was also shelled that night. Because there had been no previous shelling in that particular area there was a strong suspicion that the Germans might have received information from an informer in the village. However, nothing could be proven. The shelling caused two more fatalities for the Battalion.
To Bray for a Rest
On June 17,1944, a fighting patrol sent out by C Company was caught in German crossfire. The patrol suffered 13 casualties, six of whom were fatal. During that day the Battalion was relieved in the line by the Queen's Own Rifles, and moved back a couple of miles to Bray to rest. The Regina Rifles had been continuously in the line for 11 days. On their first day out of the line, June 18, it began to drizzle and continued raining for the first two days of their brief rest. This bad weather was to delay the planned build-up of the Allied forces for their break-out into Normandy. The Rifles were to stay at Bray until June 29. During the following few days a course was held at the Battalion sniper school. Candidates were sent out to the front line for on the job training with live targets! During the rest period, the Battalion was visited by General Crerar and Major General Keller who both expressed satisfaction with the Battalion's actions to that date, and with the way the men had conducted themselves.
The Move Inland: Securing the Bridgehead
On June 19, a furious Channel storm broke up the Mulberry Harbour which had been towed over to Omaha Beach in the American assault sector. On Sunday, June 25, Padre Jamieson held church services in the Company areas and finally, on June 26, the allied break-out in Normandy began. The Battalion was put on one hour's notice to move from noon, but the order was rescinded and the men stood down at 1945 hours that night. On June 29, 1944, the Battalion moved back into the line. They left Bray for the villages of Rots and La Villeneuve to relieve the 7th Recce Regiment. There the Battalion took up positions astride the Caen-Bayeux road to counter the threat from German armour which might come from Caen where it had been massing for yet another counter-attack. Dominion Day found the Battalion digging in at La Villeneuve where A Company observed a German patrol that withdrew. The next day the Battalion was visited by Generals Stuart, Keller, and Folkes.
In the chateau at Rots, Colonel Matheson held an officers' mess dinner while shells from Carpiquet and Abbey of Ardennes bounced off the walls. Utilizing their army rations, the officers dined off fine dinnerware from the Chateau recently abandoned by the owners. Although the food was poor the wine from the cellars was good. Only half the officers of the Battalion were able to attend; the others had to stay on duty in case of an attack.
Carpiquet air field was one of the German strong points supposed to have been taken by 9th Brigade on D-Day or the day after. However, it did not fall and remained a serious obstacle to the break-out. On July 4, as a prelude to the attack on Caen, Operation WINDSOR was launched, in which troops from 8th Brigade, including the Queens' Own Rifles and the Royal Winnipeg Rifles detached from 7th Brigade for that operation, stormed Carpiquet and took it. The Reginas provided the fire support. When Matheson went forward to get a better view from C Company's position, a dud German artillery round caved in his trench but he survived.
The Abbey of Ardennes On the night of July 7, Operation CHARNWOOD, a three division frontal assault on Caen, began with the first time attempt to use heavy bombing as a prelude to an attack by the army. The air attack devastated the city. The next day, the move towards Caen began. Units of 9th Brigade took Gruchy, Buron, and Authie. Ardennes Abbey was being used by the 12th SS Panzer Regiment as a headquarters and was heavily defended with mortars, machine guns, and 75mm guns. On July 8, the Regina Rifles were tasked to capture it.
To capture the Abbey, Matheson planned to attack with three companies, B, C, and D, and keep the still under strength A Company in reserve. Before attempting the assault on the Abbey, Gordon Brown and Major Tubb did a careful reconnaissance. They climbed a church steeple north of Rots where they were able to see the fields stretching out between Authie and the Abbey. They didn't like what they saw. The area was flat, open, and devoid of cover where an attacking force would easily be seen. What is more, the defenders had the advantage of dug in defences and clear fields of fire.
The North Nova Scotia Regiment had reached Authie at 1600 hours. H hour for the Reginas' attack was set at 1700 hours. At that time of year, the sun did not set until around 10:30 so the attack would take place in daylight. B Company, under Major Eric Syme, was the first to move to the Battalion start line at Authie. As the Company went forward from the assembly area, two German machine guns opened up on the advancing troops inflicting heavy casualties. Circumstances were such that B Company received little artillery or armoured support. In spite of the concentrated machine gun fire, the company struggled through Authie and reached their first objective, some mounds between them and the abbey. They had taken 61 casualties in this short advance.
C Company moved to its start line at 1725 hours also under heavy fire. However, it pushed on, passing through B Company's position, and struggled over the open area towards the abbey. They were hit with tank and accurate mortar fire which caused many casualties, including the company commander, Major Tubb and all the officers and senior NCOs. Only 21 men of the Company remained in action and they were forced to withdraw to B Company's position under fire.
On the left, with C Company, D Company moved forward from Authie to within 500 yards of the abbey also under machine gun and rifle fire. Each of the platoons wriggled forward using fire and movement. Sections shifted under covering fire of other sections, and the men were forced to crawl or run in shorts bursts. One of the company's platoons deployed in a left flanking attack while the other two platoons attacked under the cover of smoke fired from their two inch mortars. The ragged platoons finally reached their objective, the east side of the abbey, at 2230 hours.
Gordon Brown returned from the abbey and guided A Company forward in the failing light to help consolidate the position sustaining 15 casualties on the way. All night long, the men held on behind the wall of the abbey, against a deadly hail of German machine gun fire from as close as 200 yards. After a fierce fire fight at first light the abbey was secured and the Germans driven out. As the German counter fire slackened, the men's spirits were given a further boost by their uncovering the abbey's wine stock!
The Battalion suffered 11 officer and 205 other ranks casualties, 36 of them fatal, with one missing in action. This had been the worst fighting for the Battalion since D-Day. The capture of the abbey by the Rifles helped pierce the ring of defences of Caen. That action, and the success of British forces on the left flank of the Canadians, forced the Germans to withdraw back into Caen itself.
Caen A short time later the depleted Battalion moved to St. Germain, a suburb on the western outskirts of Caen. Here it was visited by General Crerar and Brigadier Foster. On July 10, after prolonged and heavy fighting, Caen fell to the Allies. On that day the headquarters of 2nd Canadian Corps under Lieutenant General Guy Simonds arrived in France, and the command of 3rd Canadian Division passed to 2nd Canadian Corps. The Battalion was then moved to another section of Caen to become the brigade reserve battalion.
During its brief stay in Caen, the Battalion mounted the 1st Ceremonial Guard. One hundred men, under Captain J. Treleaven, were issued new battledress, belts, and anklets, and were taken by vehicle to the centre of Caen where they mounted guard at La Place St. Martin. There they were inspected by the Corps Commander, Lieutenant General Simonds, and the Canadian Red Ensign was unfurled for the first time in France. On July 13, the command of the guard was passed to Captain Hector Jones. At midnight on July 13, the Battalion moved to the Stormont, Dundas, and Glengarry Highlanders. The relief was completed by 0230 hours under heavy German mortar and artillery fire from positions across the Orne River. On July 14, the Battalion scout officer. Lieutenant Bergeron, took his men forward to complete a reconnaissance in the German held territory. At 2330 hours Bergeron's patrol moved across the Epron Bridge, a partially destroyed railway bridge, leading to the city of Vaucelles. The bridge crossed the Orne about 1,000 yards to the left front of the Battalion's position. The Germans had not withdrawn from Vaucelles, and were still manning the trenches which constituted the city's defence. While the patrol was out on its reconnaissance, A and D Companies were withdrawn to the town of Epron for a rest. Bergeron and his patrol returned without incident. On July 16, the remainder of the Battalion was also withdrawn to Epron, being relieved by the 7th Recce Regiment. While they were in Epron the Battalion began preparations for its assault across the Orne.
First Across The Orne On July 18, orders arrived. Operation GOODWOOD, the British armoured breakout offensive across the River Orne southeast of Caen, was to be launched. Operation ATLANTIC, the Canadian part of GOODWOOD, also began. The 3rd Canadian Division was given the task of crossing the Orne River and capturing Vaucelles. As part of the operation, the Reginas were to get across the river and link up with units of the 9th Brigade on their left. Civilians together with members of the French Interior Force (FFI) were to act as guides to the Battalion. Guides were attached to each of the companies and given battle dress and regimental flashes.
In preparation for the assault, 1,000 Lancaster and Halifax bombers were sent over to attack the factory areas at Colombelles and Vaucelles. To beef up the weight of fire, an intense artillery bombardment was added. The Regina Rifles were put on one hour notice to move to their concentration area at 0800 hours.
Shortly after this initial phase of the attack, Lieutenant Bergeron again led a patrol across the Orne, this time in daylight, to determine if, as a result of the heavy pounding the Germans had withdrawn. The patrol scurried across the Orne over two wrecked bridges under intense German fire which killed one man. Machine gun fire raked the bridge, pinning down the patrol's communications group, who had set up their 46 Set on the Caen side of the river.
Meanwhile the Battalion began moving to its forming up positions at St. Julien with A and D Companies moving out to their start line at 1500 hours. Their passage was obstructed by heaps of rubble caused by the previous intense bombing and shelling. With C and B Companies following, the lead companies began to cross the Orne on a two company front at two separate points.
On the other side of the river, the isolated patrol was in desperate need of reinforcements but none were available. Accordingly Bergeron decided to construct a passageway over a gap in the bridge, where the centre had collapsed but he came under increasing small arms and automatic fire from German positions and had to go to ground.
The carrier platoon and the battalion mortars now moved into position on the north bank of the Orne to give covering fire for the crossing. By 1700 hours, German fire had been neutralized and by 1715 hours the hazardous crossing began. A and B Companies and the Carrier platoon got across the river and began to clear out snipers on the other side. D Company, on the left hand crossing, was delayed by accurate German mortar and machine gun fire which damaged the company's assault boats. They finally managed their crossing by bridge, followed shortly by C Company.
By 2100 hours, all the companies of the Battalion had struggled across and were in position on their final objectives. The Battalion suffered 18 casualties, including three fatalities in this hard fought engagement, but as a result could proudly claim the distinction of being the first Canadian infantry to cross the Orne.
On July 19, the companies tightened up their defensive positions in Vaucelles, and completed their mopping up operations. To that date they had taken 60 to 70 prisoners and more kept trickling in. Also on that day the remainder of 7th Brigade crossed the Orne, and a patrol from the Battalion was sent to the area that the Royal Winnipeg Rifles were to occupy. The patrol bagged seven more prisoners of war, two motor cycles, two bottles of cognac, and were treated to excellent meals. Here, unfortunately, the Battalion suffered two more fatalities. On July 20 and 21, while the rest of the British and Allied forces were crossing the Orne on their way to Falaise, the Battalion remained at Vaucelles for a brief breathing spell. At this time things were not going well for Germany. A sign of how bad things were occurred on July 20 when senior German army officers unsuccessfully attempted to assassinate Hitler.
On July 22, while still at Vaucelles, the Battalion was treated to a mobile bath parade with the accompanying exchange of socks, shirts, and underwear. Both the Roman Catholic and Protestant chaplains conducted church services. That night, at 1730 hours, a nasty surprise in the form of a "buzz bomb" landed in Caen, and a marked increase in German air attacks occurred from which the Battalion suffered a number of casualties.
The Breakout On July 23,1944, the 1st Canadian Army headquarters under Lieutenant General H.D.G. Crerar became operational in France. Plans for the breakout of the Allied armies from the Normandy beachhead were now being put into operation. The America forces began their offensive, Operation COBRA, under General Omar N. Bradley on July 25. At the same time the Canadian army launched Operation SPRING, the first stage of the drive to Falaise. On July 25, the Battalion moved to an assembly area along a railway embankment prior to the attack on La Hague. Before the attack could be launched the troops had to wait for the North Nova Scotia Highlanders to take Tilly-la-Campagne. Although the railway embankment offered some protection, the Battalion suffered many casualties from the constant German artillery, and from bombing and strafing missions from the Luftwaffe. The North Nova Scotia Highlanders punched into Tilly, but were pushed back and forced to withdraw through the Battalion lines. The Germans then began concentrating tanks from Fontenay-le-Marmion and moving them to La Hague. Because of this build up of armour the Battalion's attack on La Hague was called off. During the waiting period in this area, the Battalion suffered three more fatalities.
Given the change in plans, the Battalion was tasked to hold its present position and to prepare for an attack on Tilly in three or four days time. The Battalion was to keep up the pressure on the German forces and prevent them from withdrawing so they could be used against British and American forces to the west. During these days, Allied armoured advances were being made in other areas along the front. Consequently, the Battalion was forced to hang onto the positions at the embankment for several more days.
At midnight, on July 30, and throughout the early hours of the next morning, while German aircraft dropped flares to illuminate the area for their artillery, the Battalion pulled back through Vaucelles, over the Orne to Caen. They eventually reached the Orchards of Colomby where they were given a rest period.
Since June 6, the Battalion had been continuously in action over a period of 55 days. From D-Day it had suffered a total of 678 casualties, including 185 killed and eight missing in action. The Battalion sustained an additional fatality during its withdrawal to Colomby.
Since D-Day the Battalion doctors had done a remarkable job under the most difficult conditions. Battalion medical officers who were general practitioners often had to become surgeons because it was not possible to wait until ambulances took the wounded to field hospitals. Captain W.S. Huckvale, who landed with Battalion Headquarters on D-Day, treated hundreds of Canadian and German soldiers as well as French civilians. In July 1944 he suffered a severe head wound and was evacuated to Canada. Doctor Huckvale was awarded the Military Cross. He was succeeded by Doctor Harry Dickson. As well, the medical staff and stretcher-bearers under Sergeant Alf Allen performed valiantly under trying conditions. Allen was also a member of the Battalion band.
While the Battalion was regrouping, the men from the unit who had been slightly wounded in previous engagements now returned as reinforcements. While at Colomby the Battalion played sports, went to the movies, splashed in the mobile baths, and lazed on the beaches. There were excursions back to the scene of the D-Day assault and visits to the graves of friends who had fallen there. While the Battalion was at rest in Colomby, the troops were treated to the Canadian Army Show staged by the Legion Auxiliary War Services in the "Windmill Theatre," a cavern in the quarries of Fontaine-Henry that could seat over a thousand people. The Battalion was also visited by Lieutenant General Simonds and Major General Keller, and by the war correspondents, J.A.M. Cook, who covered the Regina Rifles for the Leader Post, and Gregory Clark. It was here that the officers of the Battalion true to their old tradition held their first formal mess dinner of the war on the Continent.
4 |